The teaching of mathematics in secondary schools and the use of mathematical skills in the workforce are very different: students who are mathematically capable at school often have difficulty transferring this ability to the workplace. This issue was tackled by the Australian Association of Mathematics Teachers and the Australian Industry Group, with support from the Office of the Chief Scientist, in a project entitled Identifying and Supporting Quantitative Skills of 21st Century Workers. The project examined the relationship between workplace mathematics and school practices to identify gaps between numeracy and quantitative skills in senior schooling and the expectations of modern workplaces; how mathematical skills are understood and used in workplaces compared to classrooms; quantitative skills in use in workplaces; and how to support the transfer and application of mathematical skills required in workplace contexts.